Corrigendum to "Wound healing potential of Acacia catechu in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using in vivo and in silico approach" [J Tradit Compl Med 13 (5) (2023) 489-499].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.05.001.].

Wound healing potential of Acacia catechu in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using in vivo and in silico approach.

Background and aim: Acacia catechu Wild. (Fabaceae) barks are traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes and wounds. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of the alcoholic extract of A. catechu (EAC) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Experimental procedures: EAC was first subjected to phytochemical estimations and standardization using (-) epicatechin as marker with the help of HPLC. Diabetes was induced in mice using streptozotocin and the wound healing potential of EAC was evaluated using excision and incision wound models on topical and oral treatment. Various biochemical parameters, in vivo antioxidants, cytokine profiling, VEGF, and histopathological examination were also performed. Further, molecular docking studies were performed using ligand (-) epicatechin on human inducible nitric oxide synthase. Results and conclusion: Phytochemically, EAC showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and saponins, while the content of (-) epicatechin was reported to be 7.81% w/w. The maximum healing of wounds (91.84 ± 1.10%) was observed in mice treated with a combination of both topical (10% gel) and oral (extract at 200 mg/kg) followed by topically and orally treated groups respectively after 14 days of treatment. These groups also showed significant restoration of altered biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines. The molecular docking studies confirmed the role of (-) epicatechin in stabilizing the human inducible nitric oxide synthase with inhibitor showing binding energy of -8.31 kcal/mol. The present study confirmed the role of (-) epicatechin as a major marker in diabetic wound healing potential of A. catechu.

The antidiarrhoeal evaluation of Psidium guajava L. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced infectious diarrhoea.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), commonly used as an edible fruit is traditionally used worldwide in treatment of various gastrointestinal problems including diarrhoea. The leaves of the plant have also been evaluated for antidiarrhoeal activity in various chemical induced diarrhoea models. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potency of P. guajava leaves and its major biomarker quercetin against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induced infectious diarrhoea using preclinical and computational model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: P. guajava alcoholic leaf extract (PGE) was initially standardized using HPLC taking quercetin as a biomarker and was then subjected to antidiarrhoeal evaluation on rats in an EPEC induced diarrhoea rat model. The study included assessment of various behavioral parameters, initially for 6 h and then for up to 24 h of induction which was followed by estimation of stool water content, density of EPEC in stools and blood parameters evaluation. The colonic and small intestinal tissues of the treated animals were subjected to various biochemical estimations, in vivo antioxidant evaluation, estimation of ion concentration, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathological studies. Further, the major biomarker off PGE, quercetin was subjected to molecular docking studies with Na+/K+-ATPase and EPEC. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a significant antidiarrhoeal activity of quercetin (50 mg/kg), PGE at 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o., where quercetin and PFGE at 200 mg/kg, p.o. were found to be more prominent, as confirmed through higher % protection, water content of stools and density of EPEC in stools. PGE and its biomarker quercetin also significantly recovered the WBC, Hb, platelets loss and also revealed a significant restoration of altered antioxidants level, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and TNF-α) expression and had positive influence on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The docking studies of quercetin with Na+/K+-ATPase showed favourable interactions and residues Glu 327, Ser 775, Asn 776, Glu 779 and Asp 804 of Na+/K+-ATPase were adequately similar to quercetin for donating ligands for binding, while quercetin was also found to terminate the linkage between mammalian cells and EPEC thus, preventing further infection from EPEC. CONCLUSION: Inhibition in intestinal secretion, reduced nitric oxide production and inflammatory expression along with reactivation of Na+/K-ATPase activity could be attributed to the observed antidiarrhoeal potential of PGE against infectious diarrhoea, where quercetin was confirmed to be the main contributing factor.